Constructs of Holism and Healing
Pain is a multidimensional,
subjective phenomenon and experience.
As such, the meaning and impact of any
pain experience differs for each client,
family member, nurse, and provider. Many
definitions of pain have surfaced over
the last four decades and offer multiple
interventions to alleviate clients’ pain. At the
2007 council meeting for the International
Association for the Study of Pain (IASP),
in Koyoto, Japan, the council confirmed its
1992 definition of pain as “…an unpleasant
sensory and emotional experience
associated with actual or potential tissue
damage, or described in terms of such
damage” (www.iasp-pain-org). In its
monograph on understanding, assessing,
and treating pain, the American Pain Society
supports both the IASP definition of pain
and McCaffery’s definition of pain as
“…whatever the experiencing person says
it is, existing whenever s/he says it does”
(APS, 2006, p. 4; McCaffery & Passero,
1999, p. 17). While the IASP definition
has been described as the most widely used
definition of pain, McCaffery’s definition
has gained substantial support over the past
30 years and is widely used in clinical
practice as a foundation for all types of pain
management care. Both definitions help
capture the intricate nature of the pain
experience. The IASP definition infers the
multidimensionality of the phenomenon
of pain by stating it is both physical and
emotional, though an emphasis is noted
on the sensory nature of pain. McCaffery’s
definition emphasizes the subjective nature
of the pain experience and situates clients
Exploring the Theory of Integral Nursing with Implications for Pain Management Practice Susanne M. Tracy, PhD, RN and Pamela P. DiNapoli, PhD, RN, CNL University of New Hampshire
International Journal for Human Caring
abstract
Inadequate attention is paid to the role of theory in guiding practice. three main factors
affect the use of theory to guide clinical practice: insufficient theory knowledge, insufficient
administrative support to encourage the development of theory-based interventions, and
the busy task-oriented climate of many nursing settings. Pain management is a vexing
problem confronting clients and healthcare professionals. the primary purpose of this
paper is to introduce scholars and clinicians to the basic tenets of Dossey’s (2008) theory of
integral nursing to aid nurses in designing client-centered pain management interventions
grounded in the theory’s main constructs of holism and healing.
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